Application of regulating valve in actual production

Regulator valves play a very important role in the automatic control of modern factories whose production depends on the correct distribution and control of flowing liquids and gases. Whether these controls are energy exchanges, pressure reductions, or simple vessel filling, certain final control elements are required. The final control element can be thought of as the automatically controlled physical force. Between the low energy level of the regulator and the high energy level functions required to perform flow fluid control, the final control element accomplishes the necessary power amplification. Regulators are the most widely used type of final control element. Other final control elements include a metering pump, regulating and louvered flaps (a variation of a butterfly valve), variable pitch fan blades, current regulation, and a different motor positioning device than a valve. Despite the widespread use of regulating valves, probably no other unit in the regulating system requires as little maintenance as it does. In many systems, the regulating valve is subjected to more severe operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, corrosion and contamination than other components, however, as it controls the flow of process fluids, it must operate satisfactorily with minimal maintenance quantity. In the pneumatic adjustment system, the pneumatic signal output by the regulator can directly drive the spring-film-type actuator or the piston-type actuator to make the valve act. In this case, the energy required to determine the valve position is provided by compressed air, which should be dried in an outdoor facility to prevent freezing, and should be purified and filtered. When a pneumatic control valve is used together with an electric regulator, an electric-pneumatic valve positioner or an electric-pneumatic converter can be used. The compressed air supply system can be considered the same as for a fully pneumatic regulating system. In the terms of regulation theory, the regulating valve has both static and dynamic characteristics, so it affects the success or failure of the entire control loop. The static characteristic or gain term is the flow characteristic of the valve, which depends on the size of the valve, the combination of the valve plug and seat, the type of actuator, the valve positioner, the pressure before and after the valve, and the properties of the fluid. The dynamic characteristics are determined by the combination of the actuator or the valve positioner-actuator. For slower production processes, such as temperature control or level control, the dynamic characteristics of the valve are generally not the limiting factor in terms of controllability. For faster systems, such as liquid flow control, the regulating valve may have a significant lag, which must be considered in the controllability of the loop. Generally only control system specialists need to be concerned about the dynamic hold-up of the regulating valve. The formal considerations for applying a valve positioner, as discussed in Chapter 9, will satisfy the needs of most regulating valve installations. The history of the automatic regulating valve can be traced back to the self-operated pressure regulating valve, which consists of a ball valve with a weight rod, the weight is used to balance the valve core force, so as to obtain some degree of regulation, another early self-operated type The form of the pressure regulating valve is a pressure balanced pressure regulating valve. The pressure of the process is connected to the diaphragm air chamber of the spring diaphragm pressure regulating valve by pipeline. Whether it is a pressure reducing valve, a post-valve pressure regulating valve or a differential pressure regulating valve, it can be manufactured from the modification of this basic valve. The emergence of pneumatic transmitters and regulators will inevitably lead to the application of pneumatic control valves. They are essentially pressure reducing valves or post-valve pressure regulators that use instrument compressed air instead of process fluids. Many companies that produce pressure reducing valves have developed into regulating valve manufacturers. Control valve applications continue to evolve in number and complexity, and many valve body and accessory modifications can be used to solve a wide variety of problems. The intent of this manual is to familiarize engineers with the mysteries and factors of regulating valves and to help instrumentation engineers select the best valve body, actuator, and accessories for their application. 1. According to the stroke characteristics, the regulating valve can be divided into: straight stroke and angular stroke. 1-1. Straight stroke includes: single-seat valve, double-seat valve, sleeve valve, angle valve, three-way valve, diaphragm valve; 1-2. Angular stroke includes: butterfly valve, ball valve, eccentric rotary valve, full-function ultra-light regulating valve. 2. The regulating valve can be divided into: pneumatic regulating valve, electric regulating valve and hydraulic regulating valve according to the driving mode; 2-1. According to the regulating form, it can be divided into: regulating type, cut-off type, and regulating cut-off type; 2-2. Flow characteristics can be divided into: linear, equal percentage, parabolic, quick opening. The regulating valve is suitable for air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil and other media.
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